Diego Garcia
| Diego Garcia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
 | |||
| IATA: NKW – ICAO: FJDG | |||
| Ringkasan | |||
| Tipe Airport | Naval Cairan Facility | ||
| Owner | Britania Raya - British Territory | ||
| Operator | MoD, Her Majesty's Government | ||
| Lokasi | British Indian Ocean Territory, Indian Ocean | ||
| Built | 1971-1976; Major Extensions 1982-1986 | ||
| In use | 1971 - present | ||
| Ketinggian AMSL | 9 ft / 3 m | ||
| Koordinat | |||
| Map | |||
  Diego Garcia | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Panjang | Permukaan | |
| ft | m | ||
| 13/31 | 12.003 | 3.659 | Concrete |
| Diego Garcia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| British Overseas Territory | British Indian Ocean Territory |
| Populasi | |
| • Total | 4.000[1] |
| Zona waktu | UTC+06:00 |
Ramsar Wetland | |
| Ditetapkan: | 4 July 2001 |
Diego García adalah karang atol dan pulau terbesar di Kepulauan Chagos. Pulau ini termasuk wilayah Teritori Samudra Hindia Britania. Terletak di Samudra Hindia, lebih kurang 1.600 km (1.000 mil) sebelah selatan pesisir selatan India. [2] Negara terdekat pulau ini adalah Sri Lanka dan Maladewa.
Bangsa Portugis merupakan orang Eropa pertama yang mencapai dan melakukan penjelajahan Pulau Diego Garcia. Penjelajah Pêro de Mascarenhas dianggap sebagai penemu ketika berlayar di bawah kepemimpinan Dom Garcia de Noronha pada tahun 1512-1513.
Pada tahun 1960, Kepulauan Chagos secara rahasia disewakan kepada inggris, lepas sama sekali dari Mauritius dengan maksud mendepak seluruh penghuninya dan mendirikan pos militer. Tahun 1971, Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat menyetujui perjanjian dimana yang akan datang pulau ini akan didirikan pos militer.
Sejak itu, Britania Raya menerapkan depopulasi Diego Garcia yang sangat kontoversi, memaksa deportasi seluruh 2.000 penghuni pulau ini, keturunan budak Afrika dan pekerja Hindu yang dibawa ke pulau ini oleh Perancis pada zaman ke-18, ke pulau-pulau lebih kurangnya, termasuk Mauritius, yang tidak berdekatan 1.200 mil. Sebagai tukarnya, pos militer gabungan Britania-Amerika Serikat didirikan.
Pulau ini memiliki satu dari 5 stasiun pengamatan yang membantu operasi GPS, dimana lainnya adalah Pulau Ascension, Hawaii, Atol Kwajalein dan di Colorado Springs.
Pulau ini ditumbuhi tanaman tropis yang lebat. Pulau ini memiliki panjang 60 kilometer (37 mil), dengan ketinggian maksimum 67 m (220 kaki), serta hampir dikitari oleh laguna dengan panjang 19 kilometer (12 mil) dan lebar 8 kilometer (5.0 mil). Kedalaman laguna hingga 30 m (98 kaki), dan sejumlah terumbu karang cukup membahayakan untuk navigasi.
Sumber rujukan
- ^ "Country Profile: British Indian Ocean Territory (British Overseas Territory)". Fco.gov.uk. 2012-04-12. Diakses 2012-06-21.
- ^ http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=KC&p_theme=kc&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF0639AC568EB36&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
Bibliografi
- Edis, Richard (2004). Peak of Limuria: the Story of Diego Garcia and the Chagos Archipelago. Chippenham, UK: Antony Rowe Ltd.
- Hamilton, Martin, & John Topp (August 19, 2009). "British Indian Ocean Territory Plant Species Checklist" (PDF). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & Chagos Conservation Trust. Diakses September 27, 2011.
- Local Area Forecaster's Handbook for Diego Garcia (doc). Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command – NAVCENTMETOCDETDGINST. April 5, 2002. 3140.2.
- Diego Garcia Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. US Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia. September 2005.
- Sand, Peter H. (2009). United States and Britain in Diego Garcia – the Future of a Controversial Base. New York: Palgrave MacMillon. ISBN 978-0-230-61709-4.
- Sheppard, Charles R. C., & M. R. D. Seaward, ed. (1999). Ecology of the Chagos Archipelago. Linnean Society Occasional Publications 2. Westbury for the Linnean Society of London. ISBN 978-1-84103-003-6.
- Sheppard, Charles & Mark Spalding (2003). Chagos Conservation Management Plan. London: British Indian Ocean Territory Administration, Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
- Stoddart, D. R., & J. D. Taylor, ed. (1971). Geography and ecology of Diego Garcia Atoll, Chagos Archipelago (PDF). Atoll Research Bulletin 149. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
- Topp, J. M. W. (1988). An Annotated Check List of the Flora of Diego Garcia, British Ocean Territory (PDF). Atoll Research Bulletin 313. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Urish, Daniel (1974). "Fresh water on the coral atoll island" (PDF). The Military Engineer 429: 25–27.
- Vacher, H. Leonard, & Terrench Quinn (ed.). Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands. Developments in Sedimentology 54. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-81520-0.
Bacaan bertambah lanjut
- Hutson, A. M. (1975). Observations on the Birds of Diego Garcia, Chagos Archipelago, with Notes on Other Vertebrates (PDF). Atoll Research Bulletin 175. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- US Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia "Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan," September 2005.
- Winchester, Simon, Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire (2004).
Pranala luar
- UK House of Lords Judgment on Chagos Islands of 22 October 2008
- Let Them Return - The Chagos People's Homeland Campaign
- The UK Chagos Support Association: The story so far
- Chagos Islands Indigenous Population Internet Site
- Diego Garcia Online: Information for locals of Diego Garcia.
- Official site of the United States Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia.
- Official site of the UK PJHQ Overseas Bases, Diego Garcia.
- Diego Garcia timeline posted at the History Commons
- Diego Garcia "Camp Justice", GlobalSecurity.org
- US/UK BIOT defence agreements, 1966-1982, U.S. Court filing
- Where in the World Is Diego Garcia?, Infoplease.com
- Diego Garcia: Paradise Cleansed, by John Pilger
- The Jewel in the Pentagon's Crown, by Gisle Tangenes, BitsofNews.com
- Atoll Research Bulletin 149: Geography and Ecology of Diego Garcia Atoll
- A Return from Exile in Sight? The Chagossians and their Struggle, from the Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights
- Alex Doherty 'Diego Garcia', in ZNet
- Curtis, Mark Web of Deceit: Britain's Real Role in the World. London:Vintage, 2003.
- BBC News Exiles lose appeal over benefits 02/11/07
- The Island is a jazz opera commissioned and broadcast in the 60's on radio themed on events in Garcia Diego written by William Russo, words Adrian Mitchell performed by the Russo Orchestra sung by Cleo Lane and Denis Quilley
- http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080707.NUKE07/TPStory/National
- A Black and Disgraceful Site by Jonathan Freedland from The New York Review of Books
Video
- Stealing a Nation - A Special Report by John Pilger on Google Video on YouTube.com
- Forcibly Exiled Nearly 40 Years Ago, Diego Garcia Natives Fight to Return to Island - video report by Democracy Now!
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